Task G
Risk Management
Task G: Risk Management
Objective: the student will be introduced to risk management and how it can help other students.
Completion Standard: the student will be able to explain what the principles of risk are, the management process. The student will also be able to explain eh levels of risk are and some ADM processes to help.
Overview:
Principles of risk management.
Risk management process.
Level of risk.
Assessing risk.
Mitigating risk.
IMSAFE checklist.
PAVE checklist.
5P checklist.
Principles of risk management
Risk is defined as the probability and possible severity of accident or loss from exposure to various hazards, including injury to people and loss of resources
The goal of risk management is to proactively identify safety-related hazards and mitigate the associated risks
Four fundamentals of risk
Accept no unnecessary risk
Unnecessary risk is that which carries no commensurate return in terms of benefits or opportunities.
Make risk decisions at the appropriate level
The decision-maker must be authorized to accept levels of risk typical of the planned operation.
Ultimately, it’s the pilot who is responsible - They are the person who is living with the consequences of the bad decision.
The pilot, not the passengers or operators need to determine risk.
Accept risk when benefits outweigh the costs –
All identified benefits should be compared against all identified costs.
Integrate risk management into planning at all levels –
Risks are more manageable in planning phase.
Risk management process.
identifies operational hazards and takes reasonable measures to reduce risk to personnel, equipment, and the mission
Steps
Identify the Hazard
A hazard is defined as any real or potential condition that can cause degradation, injury, illness, death, or damage to or loss of equipment or property.
Experience, common sense, and specific analytical tools help identify risks.
Once the pilot determines that a hazard poses a potential risk to the flight, it may be further analyzed.
Assess the Risk
Each identified risk may be assessed in terms of its likelihood (probability) and its severity (consequences) that could result from the hazards based upon the exposure of humans or equipment to the hazards.
An assessment of overall risk is then possible, typically by using a risk assessment matrix, such an online Flight Risk Awareness Tool (FRAT).
This process defines the probability and severity of an accident.
Mitigate the Risk
Investigate specific strategies and tools that reduce, mitigate, or eliminate the risk.
High risks may be mitigated by taking action to lower likelihood and/or severity to lower levels.
For serious risks, such actions may also be taken.
Medium and low risks do not normally require mitigation.
Effective control measures reduce or eliminate the most critical risks.
The analysis may consider the overall costs and benefits of remedial actions, providing alternative choices when possible.
Level of risk
Likelihood is nothing more than taking a situation and determining the probability of its occurrence
Probable
an event will occur several times.
Occasional
an event will probably occur sometime.
Remote
an event is unlikely to occur but is possible.
Improbable
an event is highly unlikely to occur.
Assessing risk.
What would be a result of the risk
Catastrophic
results in fatalities, total loss
Critical
severe injury, major damage
Marginal
minor injury, minor damage
Negligible
less than minor injury, less than minor system damage
Mitigating risk.
To mitigate is to manage the risk
Scenario: a Non-Instrument rated pilot wanting to fly on a marginal day.
Wait for weather to improve
Take an instrument rated pilot
Cancel the trip.
DRIVE A CAR
Mitigation process should begin days before a flight.
The final and most important step of mitigation is to determine if you’re going to accept a flight or not.
Vigilance is maintained even after the decision to go is made.
Departure is option, landing isn’t.
IMSAFE checklist.
Illness
Do I have any symptoms?
A student might want to fly regardless of the above issues, because you’re in the plane with them.
Go back to the FOI, they won’t learn because their physical needs aren’t being met.
Practice IMSAFE decision making early on in the learning process.
Medication
Have I been taking prescription or over-the-counter drugs?
Use the AOPA site for Medication, it’s better organized than the FAA’s.
Stress
Am I under psychological pressure from the job?
Alcohol
Have I been drinking within 8 hours? Within 24 hours?
8 Hours is simply not enough, be smart with this.
Fatigue
Am I tired and not adequately rested?
Insidious - This should focus not only on student, but the instructor too.
Eating
Am I adequately nourished? (dehydration as well)
Also, it might be a good idea to avoid eating a 7/11 chilidog before spin-training
PAVE checklist.
PAVE - divides the risks of flight into four categories:
Pilot
Aircraft
Environment
External Pressures.
Personal Minimums Worksheet - Fill this out with the pilot, repeatedly as their skills improve. This teaches the basis of risk management and establishes practice early on.
5P checklist
The 5Ps - used to assess risk in each of the five categories:
Plan
Called the mission or the task
Plane
Pilot
Passengers
Programming