Compliance with Departure, Enroute, and Arrival Procedures and Clearances

Objective: the student will be introduced to the responsibilities of the pilot when it comes to flying under IFR

Completion Standards: the student will be able to explain the responsibilities of the pilot in the phases of flight. The student will also be able to show where frequencies can be found along with what happens if there are lost comms.

References: IFH ch10

Equipment: White Board and markers, iPad/ computer 

IP’s Actions:

• Assess student

• State the objective and completion standards

• Writes down references

• Provide attention getter

• Present content

• Assessment

• Assign Homework

SP’s Actions:

• Take notes

• Ask Questions

Introduction: 

(Attention Getter) : (Link goes here)

Motivation: (Discuss purpose for lesson and relate to Attention getter)

Overview:

1. Navigation publications

2. Pilot and controller responsibilities in phases of flight

3. Selection and use of appropriate communications frequencies

4. Selection and identification of the navigation aids

5. Pilot’s responsibility for compliance with vectors and also altitude, airspeed, climb, descent, and airspace restrictions

6. Two-way communications failure

7. The uses of the multifunction display 

Content:

Selection and use of current and appropriate navigation publications.

TPP (Terminal Procedures Publication)

• Enables pilots to guide their aircraft in the airport area

  • Always make sure they are up to date

• Includes

  • Approach procedures

  • STARS

  • Departure Procedures (DP’s)

  • Airport Diagrams

Pilot and controller responsibilities with regard to DPs, En Route Low and High Altitude Charts, and STARs. 

Departure Procedures

• Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODP)

  • To navigate pilot from departure airport to the enroute structure

  • Foreflight take offs (OMN)

  • Designed

    • to climb and aircraft within vicinity of the airport

    • prior to joining the enroute structure

• Standard Instrument Departure (SID)

  • Navigating from departure to enroute

    • Established to climb aircraft in particular direction

Low Enroute Charts

• Operation environment below 18,000’

  • Includes

    • Airways

      • V airways

      • T airways (GPS)

    • Altitudes

      • MEA

      • MOCA

      • MAA

      • MRA

      • MCA

      • OROCA

    • Waypoints

      • Flyby

      • Fly over

      • Changeover points

      • Compulsory and non-compulsory points

STARS

• To transition from an enroute phase of flight to an instrument approach.

  • Like highways and exits

  • We may not use them

• Altitude restriction’s

• Speed restrictions

• Example

  • TTHOR Three Arrival

  • If coming from higher altitudes

    • Atc may choose to vector

    • Can help clear up radios

Approach

• To safely navigate from enroute or arrival to a landing

  • Approach Types

    • Precision

    • Non-precision

    • Approach with Vertical Guidance

• Approach Categories

  • A: 0-90

  • B: 91-120

  • C: 121-140

  • D: 141 or faster

Pilot and Controller Responsibilities

Pilots responsibility 

• To understand, readback, and comply with air traffic controllers instructions and clearances

• Can be found in Pilot/controller glossary (PCG)

Controller responsibilities

• To maintain aircraft separation

• Using clearances

Selection and use of appropriate communications frequencies. (91.183)

FSS- 

Pilot briefings, weather, 1-800-WX-Brief

ATC Towers- 

Fin chart supplement and on approach plate,

TRACON (Terminal Approach Control Facilities)- 

Terminal facility, provide link between departure to the En-Route phase

ARTCC (Air Route Traffic Control Centers)- 

Known as “Center” responsible for maintaining separation. 

High and low sectors

Selection and identification of the navigation aids. 

• Each time a pilot inputs a new frequency into his/her navigation radio, that pilot should identify and verify they are tuned to the correct navigation facility by identifying the facilities morse code. 

  • First, input the new navigation frequency as the active frequency. 

  • Second, on the audio panel, turn on the NAV1 or NAV2 button to hear the morse code. 

  • Third, ensure the morse code heard correlates with the appropriate NAVAID

Accomplishment of the appropriate checklist items. 

Pilot’s responsibility for compliance with vectors and also altitude, airspeed, climb, descent, and airspace restrictions. 

• Vectors are headings assigned by ATC for a pilot to fly. 

  • ATC may assign vector headings that guide pilots to join 

    • certain Victor Airways 

    • or to join Arrival and Instrument Approach Courses. 

• Pilots should fly these vectored headings until established on the certain airway or route and then turn to continue flight on that particular route (if this has been the instruction received from ATC). 

• If a pilot ever feels that a vectored heading could compromise the safety of the flight in anyway, 

  • he/she should not hesitate to inform ATC and get an amended clearance or vector.

Pilot’s responsibility for the interception of courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, or clearance. 

Procedures to be used in the event of two-way communications failure. (91.185)

Selecting the Route to Fly (SQUAK 7600)

VFR Conditions 

• The pilot should remain in VFR conditions and proceed to the nearest suitable airport for landing. 

• If VFR conditions are experienced anytime after comms are lost 

  • the pilot should remain in VFR conditions and proceed to the nearest suitable airport for landing.

IFR Conditions (AVEF)

1. A: Assigned Route 

   1. Fly whatever route ATC last assigned. 

   2. If a route has not been assigned, then… 

2. V: Vector 

   1. Fly the last vector received from ATC to join a route segment.

   2. If a vector to route segment has not been assigned, then… 

3. E: Expected Route 

   1. Fly the route ATC has advised the pilot to expect. 

   2. If an expected route has not been received, then… 

4. F: Filed Route 

   1. Fly the route filed in the flight plan.

Selecting the Altitude to Fly (MEA)

If lost comms is experienced in instrument conditions, select the highest of the following altitudes for each new leg segment. 

• M: Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA) 

• E: Expected Altitude 

• A: Assigned Altitude

Arriving at the Clearance Limit

• When the Clearance Limit is a point from which an approach begins: 

  • If an EFC (Expect Further Clearance Time) has been received, 

    • Commence descent and approach as close as possible to the EFC time received.

  • If an EFC (Expect Further Clearance Time) has not been received, 

    • Commence descent and approach as close as possible to the ETA time filed or amended.

• When the Clearance Limit is not a point from which an approach begins: 

  • If an EFC (Expect Further Clearance Time) has been received, 

    • Leave clearance limit at EFC time and proceed to a fix from which an instrument approach begins.

  • If an EFC (Expect Further Clearance Time) has not been received, 

    • Leave clearance limit and proceed to a fix from which an approach begins. 

    • Then commence descent as close as possible to ETA.

The uses of the multifunction display 

Other graphical navigational displays, if installed, to monitor position track, wind drift, and other parameters to maintain situational awareness and desired flightpath.

Conclusion

1. Navigation publications

2. Pilot and controller responsibilities in phases of flight

3. Selection and use of appropriate communications frequencies

4. Selection and identification of the navigation aids

5. Pilot’s responsibility for compliance with vectors and also altitude, airspeed, climb, descent, and airspace restrictions

6. Two-way communications failure

7. The uses of the multifunction display 

(Questions to assess student)

HW: Look over lost coms in Part 91