Basic Attitude Instrument Flying

Objective: the student will be introduced to the basic attitude instruments and common errors associated with instrument flight.

Completion Standards: the student will be able to explain what the control and performance method is and the primary and secondary methods. The student will also be able to explain the scanning technique and the associated errors 

References: IFH ch6 section2

Equipment: White Board and markers, iPad/ computer 

IP’s Actions:

• Assess student

• State the objective and completion standards

• Writes down references

• Provide attention getter

• Present content

• Assessment

• Assign Homework

SP’s Actions:

• Take notes

• Ask Questions

Introduction: 

(Attention Getter) : Instrument flight. Looking inside not outside

Motivation: (Discuss purpose for lesson and relate to Attention getter)

Overview:

1. Introduction

2. Learning Methods 

3. Scanning Techniques

4. Common Errors

Content:

Introduction

• Is defined as the control of an aircraft’s spatial position by using instruments rather than outside visual references

• With the use of digital instruments known as an electronic flight display (EFD) 

Learning Methods 

Control and Performance

• is accomplished by controlling the aircraft's attitude and power output

• By referencing the flight instruments and manipulating the power output of the engine to achieve the performance desired.

Control Instruments

• Depict immediate attitude and power changes

• Attitude indicator and engine instruments

Performance Instruments

• Reflect the performance the aircraft is achieving

  • Speed- airspeed indicator

  • Altitude- altimeter

  • Climb- VSI

• These instruments indicate if the aircraft is changing airspeed, altitude, or heading, which are horizontal, vertical, or lateral vectors

Navigation instruments

……………………………

Four Step Process

1. Establish

2. Trim

3. Cross-check

4. Adjust

Primary and Supporting

Pitch control

• Refers to the angle between the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and the natural horizon

  • 2.5 degrees above horizon

• AHRS system

  • Attitude Heading Reference System (attitude heading rate slip)

Straight and level flight

• The pilot maintains a constant altitude, airspeed and, for the most part, heading for extended periods of time

• the three primary instruments

  • Altimeter

  • Airspeed indicator

  • Heading indicator

  • Power

Primary Pitch

1. The primary instrument for pitch is the altimeter. 

   1. As long as the aircraft maintains a constant airspeed and pitch attitude, the altitude should remain constant

2. The secondary instruments

   1. Vertical Speed

   2. Airspeed

   3. Altitude trend tape

Primary Bank

1. The primary instrument for bank angle is the heading indicator

   1. it displays instantly

2. supporting instruments

   1. The turn rate trend indicator

   2. shows the pilot when the aircraft is changing heading

Primary Yaw

1. The primary instrument for yaw

   1. The slip/skid indicator

Primary Power

1. The primary power instrument for straight-and-level flight 

   1. the airspeed indicator

Scanning Techniques

Selected Radial Cross-Check

• Eyes remain on the attitude indicator 80–90 percent of the time

Common Errors

Fixation - Staring at one instrument for too long not noticing deviations

Omission - Omit the stand-by instruments as well as the magnetic compass from their scans

Emphasis  - Placing emphasis on a single instrument is very common and can become a habit

Conclusion

1. Introduction

2. Learning Methods 

3. Scanning Techniques

4. Common Errors 

(Questions to assess student)

What is the performance method

^how does the primary/secondary method help?

What is the scanning method we use?

What are the common errors?

HW: 

Look over IFH